Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) focuses on ensuring universal access to clean water and sanitation for all by 2030. This goal is integral to achieving broader sustainable development objectives, as access to clean water and proper sanitation is crucial for human health, environmental sustainability, and economic development. In the case of India, a country with a rapidly growing population and diverse challenges, SDG 6 holds significant importance.
Current Water and Sanitation Situation in India
India faces a complex water and sanitation landscape, marked by disparities between rural and urban areas. Despite having the world's largest population, the country possesses only 4 percent of potable water globally. Nearly 600 million Indians experience high to extreme water stress, and projections indicate that by 2030, the demand for water will be twice the available supply, resulting in severe water scarcity. Groundwater quality issues, such as salinity and contamination by arsenic, iron, fluoride, and nitrates, further compound the challenge.
India's Position on SDG 6
Recognizing the gravity of the situation, India has committed to achieving universal access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation by 2030. The government's approach emphasizes a combination of policy measures, technological interventions, and community engagement to address water and sanitation challenges.
Key Programs, Schemes, and Policies by India
Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission): Launched in 2014, this nationwide campaign aims to eliminate open defecation and improve sanitation facilities in rural and urban areas. The program involves constructing household toilets, community toilets, and public sanitation infrastructure. The campaign has led to remarkable progress, with sanitation coverage increasing from 38.70 percent in 2014 to achieving 100 percent coverage in rural India by December 2019.
Jal Jeevan Mission: Launched in 2019, this initiative aims to provide every rural household with a functional household tap connection for drinking water. The mission focuses on ensuring piped water supply, reducing water wastage, and promoting water conservation practices at the community level.
National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP): Established in 2009, this program focuses on improving the availability and quality of drinking water in rural areas through infrastructure development, water quality monitoring, and capacity building.
Atal Bhujal Yojana (ABHY): Launched in 2020, this scheme aims to improve groundwater management and promote sustainable water use in identified priority areas. The goal is to enhance the availability of groundwater while ensuring its long-term sustainability.
National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP): This policy, launched in 2008, focuses on achieving 100 percent sanitation coverage and promoting hygiene practices in urban areas. The policy emphasizes community participation, technology adoption, and effective waste management.
National Water Mission (NWM): Part of India's National Action Plan on Climate Change, NWM focuses on sustainable water use, conservation, and management. It aims to improve water use efficiency through various strategies and approaches.
Namami Gange Mission: Launched in 2014, this mission aims to rejuvenate and clean the River Ganga, a lifeline for millions of Indians. It focuses on improving water quality, reducing pollution, and promoting sustainable water management practices along the river and its tributaries.
India's Progress and Challenges
India's efforts have yielded substantial progress in improving access to clean water and sanitation facilities. However, challenges such as water scarcity, water pollution, and uneven implementation of programs persist. Rapid urbanization and industrialization further strain water resources and sanitation infrastructure.
Conclusion
India's commitment to achieving SDG 6 is evident through its comprehensive initiatives and remarkable progress in sanitation coverage. As the country continues to address water and sanitation challenges, it must focus on sustainable policies and practices, especially in the face of climate change, rising demand, and environmental degradation. By leveraging programs like Swachh Bharat Mission, Jal Jeevan Mission, NRDWP, Namami Gange Mission, and others, India can move closer to ensuring universal access to clean water and sanitation facilities, thereby securing a healthier, more sustainable future for its citizens.
Source: The Global Goals | GGI
Note for UPSC Aspirants: For UPSC aspirants interested in exploring further, here are some keywords to guide your research: Sustainable Development Goals, Water Pollution, Wastewater management, Swachh Bharat Mission, National Water Mission, Groundwater pollution.
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