In an era marked by escalating global concerns about climate change and sustainable development, Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) stands as a beacon of hope. SDG7 envisions a world where affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy is accessible to all. India, a nation teeming with ambition and aspiration, has embarked on a transformative journey to fulfill this critical goal. Let's explore India's progress, position, plans, programs, and schemes in its pursuit of SDG7, along with recent updates on its climate commitments.
India's Energy Landscape
India, with its rapidly growing population and economy, faces unique energy challenges. While access to energy has improved over the years, a substantial portion of the population still lacks reliable access. The country heavily relies on coal for electricity generation, which raises environmental concerns. Thus, achieving SDG7 is critical for India's sustainable development.
Key Statistics for India
As of 2021, over 99% of Indian villages had been electrified.
The share of renewable energy in India's total installed capacity reached around 36%.
India's installed solar capacity had exceeded 40 GW.
The country aimed to achieve 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 and 450 GW by 2030.
Plans, Programs, and Schemes
Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya): Launched in 2017, this scheme aims to provide electricity connections to all households, ensuring 24x7 power supply.
National Solar Mission: The mission focuses on promoting the development and deployment of solar energy in the country. It includes targets for both grid-connected and off-grid solar installations.
Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY): This program aims to improve the financial health of power distribution companies (DISCOMs) by reducing their losses and improving operational efficiency.
Atal Jyoti Yojana (AJAY): Under this scheme, solar LED street lights are installed in rural and semi-urban areas to enhance public safety and promote energy efficiency.
KUSUM Scheme: Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan promotes the installation of solar pumps and grid-connected solar power plants for farmers.
FAME India Scheme: Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) aims to promote the adoption of electric vehicles and establish a charging infrastructure.
National Green Hydrogen Mission: This mission aims to develop a Green Hydrogen production capacity of 5 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) annually, accompanied by the addition of 125 GW of renewable energy capacity. The mission is poised to abate nearly 50 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) of annual greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, emphasizing India's commitment to sustainable energy and climate action.
Vision for a Sustainable Future
The 'Panchamrit' of India's Climate Action:
At the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26) to the UNFCCC in Glasgow, India introduced a unique concept – the "Panchamrit" of climate action. This represents five essential elements of India's climate commitments. The updated NDC translates these elements into more robust climate targets. Importantly, this update aligns with India's long-term vision of achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.
Key Changes in India's Updated NDC
India commits to reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by an ambitious 45% by 2030, compared to 2005 levels. This showcases India's dedication to decoupling economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions.
The updated NDC also targets achieving approximately 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030. This emphasizes India's focus on clean and renewable energy sources.
The LiFE Movement
India's updated NDC not only targets emissions reductions but also promotes sustainable lifestyles. Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi proposed a 'One-Word Movement' – LIFE, which stands for Lifestyle For Environment. This vision encourages lifestyles that harmonize with our planet and do not harm it. It underlines the citizen-centric approach India is taking to address climate change.
Challenges and Future Outlook
While India has made substantial progress in advancing towards SDG7, challenges such as intermittency of renewable energy sources, regulatory barriers, and financial constraints remain. Achieving the ambitious renewable energy targets will require sustained efforts, technological innovation, and supportive policies.
Conclusion
India's commitment to SDG7 reflects its dedication to providing its citizens with access to clean, affordable, and reliable energy. The nation's progress in expanding renewable energy capacity, improving electricity access, and implementing innovative programs and schemes underscores its determination to achieve a sustainable and inclusive energy future. As the world moves forward, India's efforts towards SDG7 will continue to play a crucial role in shaping a greener and more equitable world.
Source: The Global Goals | PIB | india.gov.in
Note for UPSC Aspirants: For UPSC aspirants interested in exploring further, here are some keywords to guide your research: Sustainable Development Goals, Renewable Energy, National Solar Mission, Green Hydrogen, UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, LiFE, Carbon Emission Trading.
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