March 19, 2024 | Your One-Stop Solution for Daily Preparation
Coral Reefs: Formation, Types, Distribution and Conservation | Explained
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. Coral polyps are the animals which are primarily responsible for building reefs. Coral Reefs may vary from large reef-building colonies to graceful flowing fans to even small, solitary organisms. Thousands of species of corals have been discovered. While some of the corals live in warm, shallow, tropical seas and some others in the cold, dark depths of the ocean. Coral Reefs provide shelter to a large number of marine animals and hence these are considered as one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. These reefs are present in the shallow water hence they are susceptible to climate change and are affected by anthropogenic activities.
Highlights of the Day
1. SAKHI: ISRO's Spaceborne Assistant Revolutionizing Astronaut Support for Gaganyaan Mission
The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), part of ISRO, developed SAKHI, a multipurpose app for Gaganyaan astronauts. SAKHI aids in tasks like accessing technical information, monitoring health, and facilitating communication. Tested successfully, it's a handheld device integral to crew assistance. Its compact design suits space constraints, ensuring vital data is readily available. ISRO plans Gaganyaan's launch in 2025, with four IAF test pilots as astronauts. SAKHI's role as an indispensable assistant underscores its significance in enhancing crew efficiency and safety during the mission[1].
2.MIRV Milestone: India's Advancement in Nuclear Deterrence with Agni5 Test
India's successful test of the Agni5 ballistic missile with Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs) marks a significant leap in its nuclear deterrence capability. MIRV integration enhances India's ability to strike multiple targets simultaneously, countering potential adversaries like China. Overcoming technical challenges, India joins a select group possessing MIRV-capable missiles. The achievement underscores Indian prowess in nuclear technology despite past limitations in testing. While specifics on warhead capacity remain classified, the test demonstrates India's resolve to bolster its nuclear arsenal. The development signals India's preparedness to counter China's missile advancements, reaffirming its status as a credible nuclear power[2].
3. New Rules for Elephant Transfers: Liberalization and Regulation in India
The Captive Elephant (Transfer or Transport) Rules, 2024, relax regulations for elephant transfers within or between States. Transfers can occur when owners can't maintain elephants, for better upkeep, or on Chief Wildlife Warden's approval. Health assessments and habitat suitability checks are mandatory. Genetic profiling is required for inter-state transfers. A vet must certify fitness for travel. Accompanied by mahout and assistant, elephants undergo quarantine. Amendments to the Wildlife Protection Act allowed captive elephant movement, despite earlier prohibition. Recommendations to delete this exemption were made but not implemented, retaining the clause[3].
4. Plastic Chemical Complexity: Risks, Transparency, and the Push for Global Regulation
A report reveals over 16,000 chemicals in plastics, a significant increase from previous estimates. About a quarter of these chemicals pose health and environmental risks. Plastic chemicals leach into water and food, raising concerns over adverse health effects like fertility issues and cardiovascular disease. Lack of transparency in chemical composition, especially in recycled plastics, is highlighted. Only 6% of plastic chemicals are internationally regulated. Scientists emphasize the need for a global treaty addressing plastic pollution and chemical safety, urging greater transparency in plastic production. Negotiations for such a treaty continue, aiming for finalization in December[4].
5. India's Deep Tech Startup Policy in Final Stages as Startups Navigate Funding Challenges
India is finalizing a deep tech startup policy, aiming to unleash potential in advanced technologies. Startup Mahakumbh event gathers thousands of startups and investors. Finance Minister announced a Rs 1 lakh crore fund for R&D and a scheme for deep tech in defense. Prioritizing AI opportunities, NASSCOM urges an opportunity narrative with proper oversight. Startups faced challenges in 2023, emphasizing profitability over cash burn. Calls for corporate support in funding startups rise. Despite recent setbacks, investors remain optimistic, with significant capital committed for Indian startups' growth[5].
Source: The Hindu | Indian Express | PIB |Pressreader
Practice Questions for Prelims
Q1:Consider the following statements regarding Sickle Cell Disease:
1. It is a group of inherited or haemoglobin disorders.
2. It results in chronic anaemia and chronic organ damage.
3. India has launched National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission, aiming to eliminate sickle cell genetic transmission by 2040.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Q2:Consider the following:
1. It originates in Vindhya Range and flows towards north.
2. It is a tributary of Chambal River.
3. Gambhir River is one of its tributaries.
The above statements reflect which one of the following rivers?
(a) Son
(b) Kali Sindh
(c) Kshipra
(d) Banas
Q3:The scientific process of excavation, treatment, segregation and gainful utilisation of aged municipal solid waste or legacy waste refers to which one of the following?
(a) Bioaugmentation
(b) Biomining
(c) Biostimulation
(d) Bioremediation
Q4: Consider the following statements:
1. Somalia shares its water border with the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean.
2. Haiti shares its water border with the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean.
3. Israel shares its water border with the Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba.
How many of the above statements are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Q5:Which one of the following caves, mentioned by three different accounts of explorers James Tod, James Furgusson and Alexander Cunningham, includes large statues of Gautama Buddha in sitting Nirvana mudra and its hindu temple complex is called the Dharmrajeshwar temple?
(a) Karle caves
(b) Udaygiri caves
(c) Mandapeshwar caves
(d) Dhamnar caves
Today’s Question for Mains Answer Writing
Discuss the ecological significance of coral reefs and their role in supporting marine biodiversity. Analyze the environmental threats faced by coral reefs globally and propose measures for their conservation. (250 words)
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