October 8, 2023 | Your One-Stop Solution for Daily Preparation
Fight Against Tuberculosis | Explained
Explore India’s Battle Against Tuberculosis: Progress, Challenges, and Solutions. Learn about the types of TB, India’s success in reducing incidence, and the critical role of the Nikshay portal and Nikshay Mitras in the fight against this ancient disease.
Highlights of the Day
1. Hamas Launches Unprecedented Attack on Israel, Shattering Peace
In a shocking and unprecedented attack, the Hamas militant group launched thousands of rockets at Israel and conducted a multi-pronged infiltration operation through air, land, and sea on a major holiday. The surprise assault resulted in significant casualties, with at least 200 people killed and over 1,000 wounded in Israel. The attack, occurring on Simchat Torah, revived memories of a traumatic moment in Israeli history. The Israeli military responded by striking targets in Gaza, where casualties also occurred. Tensions had been escalating due to settlement construction, settler violence, and Jerusalem's holy site disputes. The situation further complicated Israel's domestic political turmoil and raised concerns about its security [1].
2. GST Council’s Key Decisions: Lowered Rates, Gaming Levy, and More
The GST Council made significant decisions, including lowering tax rates on certain millet-based products, adjusting age-related norms for GST Appellate Tribunals, and giving states taxation rights on extra neutral alcohol. They confirmed a 28% levy on online gaming and discussed tax demands on e-gaming firms, clarifying that the amended GST law is not retrospective. The council noted that 18 states have passed laws for the 28% gaming levy, with the rest planning to do so from October 1. There was no discussion on GST rate rationalization, but future meetings will address imposing a cess or surcharge on top of GST levies post-March 2026 [2].
3. Publication Reveals Rescue Efforts for Gangetic River Dolphins Trapped in Canals
A recent publication reveals the successful rescue of 19 Gangetic river dolphins from irrigation canals in Uttar Pradesh between 2013 and 2020. The paper discusses the capture and relocation methods, as well as the behavioral and demographic details of the rescued animals. Dams and barrages have driven dolphins into these canals, putting them at risk. The Ganges river dolphin is listed as "endangered" and is the national aquatic animal of India. The study highlights the need for ongoing efforts to protect these dolphins and suggests using sonic devices to deter them from canals, emphasizing the importance of coordinated international action [3].
4. WHO Recommends Highly Effective Malaria Vaccine Developed by Oxford and Manufactured by Serum Institute
The WHO recommended the R21/MatrixM malaria vaccine, developed by the University of Oxford and manufactured by India's Serum Institute. The vaccine showed significant efficacy in a phase-3 trial across several African countries. In children aged 5-36 months, it demonstrated 75% efficacy in seasonal malaria areas and 68% in perennial malaria regions. Younger children (5-17 months) had even higher efficacy, suggesting it may be less effective in those already exposed to malaria. The vaccine's protection waned over time but was restored with a booster shot. It outperforms the existing RTS,S/AS01 vaccine and could substantially reduce clinical malaria cases and transmission. The cost is estimated at $2 to $4 per dose. Serum Institute plans to produce over 100 million doses annually [4].
5. Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded for Pioneering Work on Quantum Dots
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2023 has been awarded to Alexei I. Ekimov, Louis E. Brus, and Moungi G. Bawendi for their groundbreaking work on quantum dots. Quantum dots are tiny assemblies of atoms, displaying unique quantum effects, whose properties change with their size. When exposed to light, they absorb and emit it at different frequencies, making them versatile for various applications, including electronics, quantum computing, and surgical oncology. The laureates made significant contributions to the understanding and development of quantum dots, enabling their controlled production and utilization in diverse technologies, from TV screens to solar cells and medical imaging [5].
Source: The Hindu
Practice Questions for Prelims
Q1: What is the primary factor that determines the color of light emitted by quantum dots?
A) The type of atoms used in the quantum dot
B) The quantum dot’s size
C) The temperature at which the quantum dot is formed
D) The intensity of the incident light
Q2: Regarding the Fundamental Duties under the Indian Constitution:
I. They are enforceable by the courts.
II. Originally, there were ten Fundamental Duties.
III. The 42nd Amendment of the Constitution introduced them.
IV. These duties are only applicable to Indian citizens.
Which of the statements above are true?
A) I and II
B) II and III
C) II, III and IV
D) I, II and IV
Q3: Consider the following statements about the Indian Parliament:
I. The President of India can dissolve the Lok Sabha.
II. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and cannot be dissolved.
III. Money bills can be introduced in the Rajya Sabha.
IV. A Joint Sitting of both Houses is called to resolve a deadlock on ordinary bills.
Which of these statements are accurate?
A) I and II
B) II and III
C) I, II and III
D) I, II and IV
Q4: Consider the following statements about the Indus Valley Civilization:
I. It was primarily located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.
II. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were two prominent cities of this civilization.
III. The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Vedic Civilization.
IV. Archaeological evidence suggests advanced urban planning and sanitation in this civilization.
Which of these statements are correct?
A) I and II
B) II and III
C) III and IV
D) I, II and IV
Q5: Consider the following statements regarding the National Emergency in India:
I. It can be proclaimed only on the grounds of war or external aggression.
II. The President can proclaim a National Emergency without the advice of the Council of Ministers.
III. A National Emergency can extend indefinitely if approved by the Parliament.
IV. The 44th Amendment of the Constitution added safeguards during a National Emergency.
Which of these statements are accurate?
A) I and II
B) I and III
C) III and IV
D) II and IV
Today’s Question for Mains Answer Writing
Examine the role of women in India’s struggle for independence, highlighting the contributions of key female leaders and the challenges they faced during the freedom movement.
Need help in writing or evaluation?
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