The Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) is a multi-nation alliance that spans across the Indian Ocean region, encompassing 23 countries with diverse backgrounds, cultures, and economic interests. IORA’s recent Council of Ministers meeting in Colombo has drawn international attention, shedding light on its historical significance and contemporary relevance.
Origins and Evolution
IORA’s journey began in 1997, although its genesis can be traced back to an inspirational speech by former South African President Nelson Mandela in Delhi in 1995. During his visit to India as the guest for Republic Day, Mandela highlighted the potential for an “Indian Ocean Rim of socioeconomic cooperation and other peaceful endeavors.” This concept laid the foundation for what would later become the Indian Ocean Rim Association. The organization, initially named the Indian Ocean Region-Association for Regional Cooperation, was formally established in Mauritius in 1997.
Membership and Leadership
IORA currently consists of 23 member countries, including nations from Africa, West Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and various Indian Ocean littoral states. The apex body of the organization is the Council of Foreign Ministers, which convenes annually and rotates its chair among member states every two years.
The 23 member countries of IORA are Australia, Bangladesh, the Comoros, France, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, the Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Oman, Seychelles, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, the UAE, and Yemen.
Dialogue Partners
In addition to its member states, IORA has engaged with 11 dialogue partners, fostering diplomatic and economic collaboration. These dialogue partners include China, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Russia, Türkiye, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This interaction extends the organization’s reach and influence beyond its immediate membership, contributing to its role as a prominent regional forum.
Importance of the Indian Ocean Region
The Indian Ocean region is of great global significance due to its strategic location and economic importance. It is home to one-third of the world’s population, hosting approximately 2.6 billion people. Moreover, the Indian Ocean carries 80% of the world’s oil trade, 50% of containerized cargo, and 33% of bulk cargo. The collective economic output of the region amounts to approximately $1 trillion, with intra-IORA trade valued at around $800 billion. It is a vital hub for global trade and commerce.
IORA’s Focus Areas
IORA’s charter outlines seven priority areas that guide its collaborative efforts:
1. Maritime safety and security.
2. Trade and investment facilitation.
3. Fisheries management.
4. Disaster risk management.
5. Academic, science, and technology cooperation.
6. Tourism and cultural exchanges.
7. Gender empowerment.
Additionally, the organization operates a special fund, disbursing grants for projects among its members, with a specific emphasis on addressing climate change and environmental sustainability.
Strategic Significance
As the Indian Ocean region’s importance grows, strategic issues and the need to maintain a free and open sea lane have become integral to IORA’s discussions. Maritime safety and security are particularly crucial in safeguarding against piracy and ensuring the uninterrupted flow of trade.
During the recent Council of Ministers meeting, India’s External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, emphasized the importance of maintaining the Indian Ocean as a “free, open, and inclusive space.” He stressed the significance of upholding sovereignty and territorial integrity based on international conventions, while warning against hidden agendas and unsustainable debt, sentiments understood to be directed at certain external actors, notably China.
Conclusion
The Indian Ocean Rim Association, with its diverse membership and extensive reach, plays a vital role in promoting regional cooperation, economic development, and strategic stability in the Indian Ocean region. As the region continues to evolve, IORA remains a significant and inclusive platform for nations to address common challenges, foster dialogue, and collaborate on matters of mutual interest. Its enduring commitment to economic growth, environmental sustainability, and security underscores its relevance in the 21st century’s ever-changing geopolitical landscape.
Source: The Hindu
Note for UPSC Aspirants: For UPSC aspirants interested in exploring further, here are some keywords to guide your research: Indian Ocean Region, QUAD, International Organisations, Marine Pollution, South Asian Diplomacy, Foreign Policy.
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