India, aiming to achieve energy independence by 2047 and Net Zero emissions by 2070, has embarked on an ambitious energy transition plan. The widespread adoption of renewable energy sources is at the heart of this transition. Green Hydrogen, a promising alternative, offers benefits such as long-duration energy storage, clean transportation, industrial fuel substitution, and potential applications in decentralized power generation, aviation, and marine transport. Green Hydrogen refers to hydrogen produced through the process of electrolysis, using electricity generated from renewable sources like solar and wind power. Recognizing its potential, the Indian government approved the National Green Hydrogen Mission, designed to position India as a global leader in Green Hydrogen production.
Objectives of the National Green Hydrogen Mission
The National Green Hydrogen Mission, approved by the Union Cabinet on January 4, 2022, outlines key objectives to facilitate India's energy transition:
1. Leading Producer and Supplier: Making India a global leader in Green Hydrogen production and supply by leveraging the nation's abundant renewable energy resources.
2. Export Opportunities: Creating export opportunities for Green Hydrogen and its derivatives to enhance India's position in the international market.
3. Reducing Fossil Fuel Dependence: Decreasing India's reliance on imported fossil fuels and feedstock, promoting energy security and sustainability.
4. Indigenous Manufacturing Capabilities: Developing indigenous manufacturing capabilities for Green Hydrogen production, storage, and utilization technologies to foster self-reliance and technological advancements.
5. Investment and Business Opportunities: Attracting domestic and foreign investment to stimulate the growth of the Green Hydrogen industry, unlocking business opportunities, and driving economic growth.
6. Employment and Economic Development: Creating numerous job opportunities across the Green Hydrogen value chain to boost employment rates and contribute to overall economic development.
7. Research and Development: Supporting research and development projects focused on advancing Green Hydrogen technologies, improving efficiency, and reducing costs.
Mission Outcomes by 2030
The National Green Hydrogen Mission envisions the following outcomes by 2030, showcasing the progress and impact of India's transition to Green Hydrogen:
1. Green Hydrogen Production Capacity: Developing a green hydrogen production capacity of at least 5 million metric tonnes annually. Achieving this target requires an associated renewable energy capacity addition of approximately 125 GW, strengthening India's renewable energy infrastructure.
2. Total Investments: Attracting over Rs. Eight lakh crore in total investments, reflecting the significant economic potential of the Green Hydrogen sector.
3. Job Creation: Generating over six lakh jobs across the value chain, providing employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers, and contributing to socio-economic growth.
4. Reduction in Fossil Fuel Imports: Achieving a cumulative reduction in fossil fuel imports of over Rs. One lakh crore, enhancing energy security and reducing the trade deficit.
5. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Abatement: Abating nearly 50 million metric tonnes of annual greenhouse gas emissions, demonstrating India's commitment to climate change mitigation.
A Game-Changer for India's Energy Transition
To support the objectives of the National Green Hydrogen Mission, Green Hydrogen offers a versatile and eco-friendly solution across various sectors:
1. Energy Storage: Green Hydrogen addresses the intermittent nature of renewable energy by enabling long-duration energy storage. Excess renewable energy can be converted into hydrogen during periods of low demand, ensuring a reliable and continuous power supply.
2. Industrial Decarbonization: Green Hydrogen can substitute fossil fuels in industries such as steel, cement, and chemicals, facilitating the decarbonization of these sectors and reducing environmental impact.
3. Clean Transportation: Hydrogen fuel cells powered by Green Hydrogen provide a zero-emission alternative for transportation, including vehicles, buses, and trains, ensuring sustainable and efficient mobility.
4. Power Generation: Green Hydrogen can be utilized for decentralized power generation through fuel cells, which is particularly beneficial for remote areas with limited access to traditional grid infrastructure.
5. Aviation and Marine Transport: Green Hydrogen presents a clean and sustainable solution for decarbonizing the aviation and maritime sectors, reducing emissions, and fostering a sustainable future for air and marine transportation.
Conclusion
India's National Green Hydrogen Mission signifies the country's commitment to a sustainable and cleaner energy future. By prioritizing Green Hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, India aims to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels, foster indigenous manufacturing capabilities, create employment opportunities, attract investments, and contribute to global efforts in mitigating climate change. Aspiring UPSC candidates should stay updated on the progress and potential of Green Hydrogen as it continues to shape India's energy transition and sustainability goals. Embracing Green Hydrogen can propel India towards a greener and more prosperous future, setting an example for other nations to follow in the global pursuit of a sustainable and low-carbon world.
Note for UPSC Aspirants: For UPSC aspirants interested in exploring further, here are some keywords to guide your research: Hydrogen Economy, Renewable Energy Integration, Carbon Neutrality, National Energy Policy, National Air Quality Index
Source: India.gov.in
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