Invasive alien species (IAS) have emerged as a grave global concern, with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, economies, and human health. The 10th plenary of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) finalized their report on IAS and their control on September 2, 2023, sparking increased awareness of this growing crisis. This article delves into the causes, impacts, and management strategies associated with IAS, as well as the latest insights from the IPBES report.
Understanding Invasive Alien Species
IAS are non-native organisms introduced to new environments, often unintentionally, by human activities. While not all alien species become invasive, those that do can severely disrupt their new ecosystems.
Causes of Invasive Alien Species
1. Human Activities: The primary cause of IAS introduction is human activity. International trade, travel, and globalization have inadvertently transported species from one region to another.
2. Intentional Introduction: Some IAS are introduced deliberately for various purposes, such as agriculture, landscaping, or as pets.
3. Climate Change: Shifting climate patterns can expand the range of certain species, allowing them to thrive in new environments.
Impacts of Invasive Alien Species
1. Ecosystem Disruption: IAS can outcompete native species for resources, leading to a decline in biodiversity and ecosystem imbalances.
2. Economic Consequences: IAS can harm agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, resulting in significant economic losses.
3. Human Health: Some IAS can transmit diseases to humans, posing health risks.
The IPBES Assessment
The recent IPBES report quantifies the issue, revealing that out of over 37,000 identified alien species worldwide, about 3,500 are invasive.
Global Initiatives and Targets
Under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), the world aims to reduce the rate of IAS introduction by at least 50 percent by 2030. Achieving this goal aligns with broader Sustainable Development Goals set for 2030.
Challenges and Progress
While meeting the 2030 target poses challenges, progress has been made since 2010, thanks to integrated governance and management approaches.
Gaps in Current Measures
Despite some progress, only 17 percent of countries have specific laws or regulations addressing IAS. Additionally, 45 percent of countries do not invest in the management of biological invasions.
Geographical Distribution of Impacts
Presently, the impacts of biological invasions are distributed with 34 percent in the Americas, 31 percent in Europe and Central Asia, 25 percent in Asia and the Pacific, and only around 7 percent in Africa, emphasizing the need for global collaboration.
Implications and Future Actions
The IPBES report serves as a crucial call to action for governments worldwide to update their national biodiversity strategies and action plans under the KMGBF. Effective management strategies include preparedness, early detection, and rapid response.
Conclusion
Invasive alien species represent a significant threat to our environment, economies, and health. Timely action, integrated governance, and international cooperation are essential to prevent further damage and protect the world’s biodiversity. As we navigate this global challenge, awareness and proactive measures are vital to mitigate the impact of invasive alien species, fostering a more harmonious coexistence with our planet’s ecosystems.
Source: DownToEarth
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