As a rapidly developing nation, India seeks to balance economic progress with environmental responsibility. One avenue for achieving this goal lies within the realm of nuclear power, which plays a vital role in supplying clean energy and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. With 22 operational nuclear power reactors and an installed capacity of 6,780 Megawatt electric (MWe), India is poised to enhance its nuclear energy capabilities even further.
Historical Context and Significant Milestones
India's nuclear history began in 1969 when the Tarapur Atomic Power Station became operational, marking the start of India's nuclear energy journey. Today, India boasts 7 active nuclear power plants, with 18 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and 4 Light Water Reactors (LWRs). The Kakrapar Atomic Power Station, established in 1993, serves as the oldest functioning nuclear facility in India.
Current State and Expansion Plans
Currently, India generates approximately 3% of its electricity from nuclear power, ranking it as the fifth-largest producer globally. The country aims to increase its share of nuclear energy to 25%, equivalent to 22% of its total installed capacity. Several new projects are slated for completion, including the Jaitapur project in Maharashtra, which promises to generate 21,000 crores (approximately US $2.8 billion) in revenue upon commissioning.
Nuclear Power Plants in India – Operational | ||
Name Of Nuclear Power Station | Location | Operator |
Kakrapar Atomic Power Station – 1993 | Gujarat | NPCIL |
(Kalpakkam) Madras Atomic Power Station – 1984 | Tamil Nadu | NPCIL |
Narora Atomic Power Station- 1991 | Uttar Pradesh | NPCIL |
Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant -2000 | Karnataka | NPCIL |
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station – 1973 | Rajasthan | NPCIL |
Tarapur Atomic Power Station – 1969 | Maharashtra | NPCIL |
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant – 2013 | Tamil Nadu | NPCIL |
Nuclear Power Plants in India – Under Construction | |||
Name Of Nuclear Power Station | Location | Operator | Capacity |
Madras (Kalpakkam) | Tamil Nadu | BHAVINI | 500 |
Rajasthan Unit 7 and 8 | Rajasthan | NPCIL | 1,400 |
Kakrapar Unit 3 and 4 | Gujarat | NPCIL | 1,400 |
Kudankulam Unit 3 and 4 | Tamil Nadu | NPCIL | 2,000 |
Nuclear Power Plants in India – Planned (Future projects) | ||
Name Of Nuclear Power Station | Location | Capacity |
Tarapur | Maharashtra | 300 |
Madras | Tamil Nadu | 1,200 |
Kaiga | Karnataka | 1,400 |
Chutka | Madhya Pradesh | 1,400 |
Gorakhpur | Haryana | 2,800 |
Bhimpur | Madhya Pradesh | 2,800 |
Mahi Banswara | Rajasthan | 2,800 |
Haripur | West Bengal | 4,000 |
Mithi Virdi (Viradi) | Gujarat | 6,000 |
Kovvada | Andhra Pradesh | 6,600 |
Jaitapur | Maharashtra | 9,900 |
Challenges and Opportunities
Despite the numerous benefits associated with nuclear power, there exist several challenges that need to be addressed. Chief among them are safety concerns, waste management, and financial considerations. India must ensure strict adherence to safety protocols and address public apprehensions regarding nuclear power. Additionally, the country requires robust waste management strategies to mitigate environmental risks and protect public health[2]. Lastly, securing cost-effective financing and maintaining long-term profitability are essential for the sustainable operation of nuclear facilities.
In conclusion
India's nuclear power industry presents a promising opportunity to bolster energy security, promote economic growth, and reduce carbon emissions. While facing unique challenges, the country remains committed to advancing its nuclear energy capabilities and contributing positively to global efforts towards climate change mitigation.
Sources:TOI
Note for UPSC Aspirants: For UPSC aspirants interested in exploring further, here are some keywords to guide your research:Nuclear power, India, economic progress, environmental responsibility, clean energy, fossil fuels, operational reactors, installed capacity, historical milestones, expansion plans, Jaitapur project, safety concerns, waste management, financial considerations, energy security, carbon emissions.
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