Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are a marginalized section of Scheduled Tribes in India, characterized by their isolation, educational and socio-economic backwardness, and living in remote areas with limited amenities. PVTGs are not constitutionally recognized communities but are identified based on specific criteria such as pre-agricultural technology, stagnant or declining population, low literacy rates, and subsistence-level economy.
Background
- PVTGs were initially known as Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) and were identified based on criteria like forest-dependent livelihoods, low literacy rates, and a subsistence-based economy.
- In 2006, PTGs were renamed as PVTGs by the Government of India to emphasize their vulnerability and need for special attention.
Characteristics of PVTGs
- PVTGs are homogenous groups with small populations, physically isolated, lack a written language, have simple technology, and experience slower rates of change.
- There are 75 listed PVTGs in India spread across different states with Odisha having the highest number of such group.
Government Initiatives
- The Ministry of Tribal Affairs has implemented the "Development of PVTGs" scheme covering 75 PVTGs for comprehensive socio-economic development. State governments submit Conservation-cum-Development plans under this scheme to receive grants-in-aid for the development of PVTGs.
- Various government schemes like Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana and initiatives by state governments aim to address the specific needs of PVTGs including healthcare, education, livelihood improvement, and land rights recognition.
Challenges Faced by PVTGs
- Lack of comprehensive data on PVTGs poses challenges in understanding their specific needs and vulnerabilities.
- Issues such as displacement, denial of access to forests, cultural degradation, health disparities, and economic exploitation threaten the well-being and survival of PVTGs.
Legal Framework and Constitutional Provisions:
- The Constitution of India recognizes the rights and safeguards for Scheduled Tribes (STs), providing them with special provisions under Articles 46 and 338. PVTGs, although not explicitly mentioned, benefit from these constitutional safeguards meant for the welfare of tribal communities.
Cultural Preservation:
- Cultural preservation is a crucial aspect for PVTGs. Efforts are being made to document and preserve their traditional knowledge, languages, and customs to prevent cultural erosion. Initiatives include setting up cultural centers and promoting indigenous art and crafts.
Livelihood Diversification:
- Recognizing the vulnerability of PVTGs due to a subsistence-level economy, there are efforts to diversify their livelihood options. Skill development programs and sustainable economic activities are being promoted to enhance their income and reduce dependency on traditional occupations.
Education Initiatives:
- The focus on education is paramount for PVTGs. Special education initiatives are being implemented to increase literacy rates among these groups. This includes setting up residential schools, providing scholarships, and ensuring that education is culturally sensitive.
Health Interventions:
- Health disparities are being addressed through targeted healthcare programs. Mobile health units, awareness campaigns, and training traditional healers to work in tandem with modern healthcare systems are some measures taken to improve the health conditions of PVTGs.
Land Rights and Forest Access:
- Securing land rights and access to forests is crucial for the livelihoods of PVTGs. Legal provisions and community forest rights under the Forest Rights Act (FRA) are being emphasized to empower these communities and protect their traditional resource base.
International Recognition:
- The unique challenges faced by PVTGs have gained international attention. Collaborative efforts with international organizations and sharing best practices with other countries facing similar issues are being explored to enhance the effectiveness of interventions.
Research and Data Collection:
- Ongoing efforts are directed towards comprehensive data collection and research on PVTGs. This includes conducting socio-economic surveys, health assessments, and documentation of their traditional knowledge. Such data is vital for evidence-based policymaking and targeted interventions.
Inclusive Governance:
- Inclusive governance models are being promoted to ensure the active participation of PVTGs in decision-making processes. The involvement of community leaders and representatives in the planning and implementation of development schemes is crucial for their success.
In conclusion
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India represent some of the most marginalized communities requiring targeted interventions to address their unique challenges and improve their socio-economic conditions. Government initiatives and focused efforts are essential to uplift these vulnerable groups and ensure their well-being.
Sources:wikipedia
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